python语言-类

摘要

本文学过过程中整理

  • 一些类、面向对象的使用方法
  • 类的内置方法

扩展

通过importlib和反射实现用多个路径加载类并执行,可扩展性强

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###########
MSG_LIST = [
'utils.message.email.Email',
'utils.message.msg.Msg',
]
###########
import settings
import importlib

def send_msg(msg):
for path in settings.MSG_LIST:
m, c = path.rsplit('.', maxsplit=1)
md = importlib.import_module(m)
obj = getattr(md, c)()
obj.send(msg)

用装饰器装饰函数的时候,需要把装饰器放在路由下面,此时如果没设置endpoint,默认的endpoint是装饰器里面的inner函数,但是endpoint不能冲突,因此,此时会报错

  • 可以所有路由设置endpoint来解决
  • 可以给装饰器加@wraps()
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def check_login(func):
# 帮助我们设置函数的元信息
@wraps(func)
def inner(*args, **kwargs):
print("after")
res = func(*args, **kwargs)
print("sss")
return res
return inner

偏函数

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import functools

def func(a1,a2):
print(a1,a2)

new_func = functools.partial(func,666)

new_func(999)

面向对象

当面向对象中多有__函数__实现时,对象做任何操作时,都会执行其中对应的方法。

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class Foo(object):
def __init__(self, num):
self.num = num

def __add__(self, other):
data = self.num + other.num
return Foo(data)

obj1 = Foo(11)
obj2 = Foo(22)

v = obj1 + obj2

函数列表

拼接列表中的值、类似链

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from itertools import chain

v1 = [11,22,33]
v2 = [44,55,66]

v = chain(v1,v2)
for item in v:
print(item)

########$
from itertools import chain

def f1(x):
return x + 1

func1_list = [f1, lambda x:x-1]

def f2(x):
return x + 10

new_func_list = chain([f2,],func1_list)

for func in new_func_list:
print(func)

私有字段

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class Foo(object):
def __init__(self):
self.name = "xxx"
self.__age = 18

obj = Foo()
print(obj.name)
print(obj._Foo__age)

# 如果写了__setattr__方法设置私有变量的方法
object.__setattr__(self, '_Foo__age',20)

with

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with Foo() as obj:
# 自动调用类中的__enter__方法,obj就是__enter__的返回值
# 当执行完毕后,自动调用类的__exit__方法

__all__

一个py文件如果有__all__,就只能导入里面指定的方法

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__all__ = ['abc']

需要单独整理一个类的内置方法详解
自定义栈、堆
contextlib

类的内置方法

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__str__ print(obj)的时候执行
__repr__ 没有str找repr
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@implements_bool
class LocalProxy(object):

__slots__ = ('__local', '__dict__', '__name__', '__wrapped__')

def __init__(self, local, name=None):
object.__setattr__(self, '_LocalProxy__local', local)
object.__setattr__(self, '__name__', name)
if callable(local) and not hasattr(local, '__release_local__'):
# "local" is a callable that is not an instance of Local or
# LocalManager: mark it as a wrapped function.
object.__setattr__(self, '__wrapped__', local)

def _get_current_object(self):
"""Return the current object. This is useful if you want the real
object behind the proxy at a time for performance reasons or because
you want to pass the object into a different context.
"""
if not hasattr(self.__local, '__release_local__'):
return self.__local()
try:
return getattr(self.__local, self.__name__)
except AttributeError:
raise RuntimeError('no object bound to %s' % self.__name__)

@property
def __dict__(self):
try:
return self._get_current_object().__dict__
except RuntimeError:
raise AttributeError('__dict__')

def __repr__(self):
try:
obj = self._get_current_object()
except RuntimeError:
return '<%s unbound>' % self.__class__.__name__
return repr(obj)

def __bool__(self):
try:
return bool(self._get_current_object())
except RuntimeError:
return False

def __unicode__(self):
try:
return unicode(self._get_current_object()) # noqa
except RuntimeError:
return repr(self)

def __dir__(self):
try:
return dir(self._get_current_object())
except RuntimeError:
return []

def __getattr__(self, name):
if name == '__members__':
return dir(self._get_current_object())
return getattr(self._get_current_object(), name)

def __setitem__(self, key, value):
self._get_current_object()[key] = value

def __delitem__(self, key):
del self._get_current_object()[key]

if PY2:
__getslice__ = lambda x, i, j: x._get_current_object()[i:j]

def __setslice__(self, i, j, seq):
self._get_current_object()[i:j] = seq

def __delslice__(self, i, j):
del self._get_current_object()[i:j]

__setattr__ = lambda x, n, v: setattr(x._get_current_object(), n, v)
__delattr__ = lambda x, n: delattr(x._get_current_object(), n)
__str__ = lambda x: str(x._get_current_object())
__lt__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object() < o
__le__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object() <= o
__eq__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object() == o
__ne__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object() != o
__gt__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object() > o
__ge__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object() >= o
__cmp__ = lambda x, o: cmp(x._get_current_object(), o) # noqa
__hash__ = lambda x: hash(x._get_current_object())
__call__ = lambda x, *a, **kw: x._get_current_object()(*a, **kw)
__len__ = lambda x: len(x._get_current_object())
__getitem__ = lambda x, i: x._get_current_object()[i]
__iter__ = lambda x: iter(x._get_current_object())
__contains__ = lambda x, i: i in x._get_current_object()
__add__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object() + o
__sub__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object() - o
__mul__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object() * o
__floordiv__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object() // o
__mod__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object() % o
__divmod__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object().__divmod__(o)
__pow__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object() ** o
__lshift__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object() << o
__rshift__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object() >> o
__and__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object() & o
__xor__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object() ^ o
__or__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object() | o
__div__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object().__div__(o)
__truediv__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object().__truediv__(o)
__neg__ = lambda x: -(x._get_current_object())
__pos__ = lambda x: +(x._get_current_object())
__abs__ = lambda x: abs(x._get_current_object())
__invert__ = lambda x: ~(x._get_current_object())
__complex__ = lambda x: complex(x._get_current_object())
__int__ = lambda x: int(x._get_current_object())
__long__ = lambda x: long(x._get_current_object()) # noqa
__float__ = lambda x: float(x._get_current_object())
__oct__ = lambda x: oct(x._get_current_object())
__hex__ = lambda x: hex(x._get_current_object())
__index__ = lambda x: x._get_current_object().__index__()
__coerce__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object().__coerce__(x, o)
__enter__ = lambda x: x._get_current_object().__enter__()
__exit__ = lambda x, *a, **kw: x._get_current_object().__exit__(*a, **kw)
__radd__ = lambda x, o: o + x._get_current_object()
__rsub__ = lambda x, o: o - x._get_current_object()
__rmul__ = lambda x, o: o * x._get_current_object()
__rdiv__ = lambda x, o: o / x._get_current_object()
if PY2:
__rtruediv__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object().__rtruediv__(o)
else:
__rtruediv__ = __rdiv__
__rfloordiv__ = lambda x, o: o // x._get_current_object()
__rmod__ = lambda x, o: o % x._get_current_object()
__rdivmod__ = lambda x, o: x._get_current_object().__rdivmod__(o)
__copy__ = lambda x: copy.copy(x._get_current_object())
__deepcopy__ = lambda x, memo: copy.deepcopy(x._get_current_object(), memo)